GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX I FÖRÄNDRING: EN JÄMFÖRANDE ANALYS AV INDIKATORSTRUKTUR 2009 - 2024

Sammanfattning

This Thesis examines how the Global Innovation Index (GII) has changed over time, focusing on howits structure of indicators reflects a broad approach to innovation. The background to the study is thatinnovation no longer only takes place in technology and industry, but also in services, organizationsand digital environments. Therefore, it becomes important to review whether GII captures thesebroader forms of innovation.The purpose of the work is to analyse the development of the GII between the years 2009, 2016 and2024, as well as examining how the index could have looked if it followed an alternative model forinnovation measurement. The study is based on a qualitative documentation analysis of GII reportsand uses a theoretical model from Taques et al. (2021) which divides indicators into three stages:input, intermediate, and output.The results show that GII has become more structured and easier to use, but that it still largely focuseson technological and manufacturing-based innovation. Service innovation and other non-technologicalforms are less visible. In addition, the analysis shows that several indicators that reflect innovationactivities are classified as inputs, which makes it harder to see the entire innovation process.This study therefore suggests that GII should include a third category - intermediate indicators - aswell as more clearly distinguishing between different types of innovation, such as product, service andprocess innovation. Such a structure would provide a more suitable and complete measure of acountry's ability to innovate.