Gravitational Redshift – Analysis of experimental tests in General Relativity

Sammanfattning

The phenomenon of gravitational redshift has been investigated, namely the effect of spectral changes in light between observers of different gravitational potentials. The aim is to evaluate the validity of Einstein's theory of General Relativity by using the Schwarzschild solution and an approximation from the weak-field, comparing these models to empiric measurements. Three experiments were chosen: The historical Pound-Rebka test in 1960, the more modern Tokyo Skytree conducted in 2018 and at last the space rocket launch of the Gravity Probe A mission in 1976. Through the use of AI, theoretically calculated values and simulations were made and verified by the measurements. The results confirmed an alignment between theory and experiment, although the approximation would diverge from expected data at increasing heights. These findings are yet another piece of evidence for Einstein's proposal of his relativity theory, which predicted gravitational redshift, essential for geodesy and satellite systems.