Grundläggningsmetoder för 3D-printade betonghus

Sammanfattning

Housing is an important part of society and new houses are built daily. There are clear standards on how buildings should be constructed and designed, but when new technologies arrive and robotics becomes a larger part of society, the construction industry must also adapt. One of these new technologies is 3D technology and the use of 3D printers in the construction industry, a method also called additive manufacturing. A 3D printer works so that materials, in this case concrete, are placed layer upon layer in three dimensions until a final product is ready. The building is first designed in a CAD file on the computer, which can then be printed with concrete into a finished product in just a few days. But since the use of additive manufacturing is a relatively new technology, especially in Sweden there is also much that can be developed, one of these areas of development is the foundation. The company ConcretePrint is first in Sweden to construct a building with additive manufacturing. With digitization and 3D technology, opportunities in development are added. Complex designs become more accessible as additive manufacturing provides the opportunity to make easier use of free-form construction. The so called Attefallshuset (a small house with an area < 30 m2) the company printed is just that. On the other hand, a house with round and curved walls poses challenges for the foundation. There are today opportunities to custom order or customize products to create foundations for these shapes, but this approach is generally more expensive compared to straighter shapes. With a control code from a ready-made CAD model, a 3D printer can easily create these shapes. This project presents two different foundation methods that combine conventional foundation methods for slab foundation and creeping ground foundation with 3D technology. Sketches of alternative ways of constructing a foundation with insulation and four models are made in CAD. A lot of inspiration has also been taken from traditional foundation methods to take the best and proven parts and implement them with 3D technology. This report intends to contribute to future designs of foundation methods for additive manufacturing and is based on analyzes of previously performed foundations in other countries as well as dialogue with knowledgeable people from the building industry.