Kvantifiering av termisk påverkan från bilbränder i öppna parkeringshus : En beräkningsteknisk fallstudie mellan äldre och moderna bilar

Sammanfattning

The automotive industry has significantly changed over the past 50 years, impacting firesafety in parking garages. Modern cars contain more combustible materials, and moreelectrical components than older vehicles, increasing the risk of fire and fire spread.Research indicates that the energy content in modern cars can be twice as high as in oldermodels, primarily due to the increased use of plastics and synthetic materials. This leads topotentially more intense and prolonged fire scenarios affecting the structural integrity andload-bearing capacity of parking garage constructions. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the differences in open parking garages during car firesinvolving older and modern cars. The objective of this study is to analyse the implications ofdifferent fire scenarios for characteristic vehicle models from two different time periods. To address the research questions, a literature review was conducted to gather informationon the fire characteristics of cars from different time periods. The Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS), developed by NIST, was used to simulate the fire dynamics of car fires in an openparking garage, based on the information found in the preceding literature review. The simulation results reveal significant differences in the behaviour of modern cars, whichcontain larger quantities of combustible materials, leading to higher heat release ratesduring fires. This contributes to more extensive fire spread and higher temperatures,subjecting the garage structure to greater thermal stress compared to fires involving oldervehicles.