Livelihood diversification of coffee farmers in Eastern Uganda : perceptions of young men and women

Sammanfattning

Coffee production on Mt. Elgon, Eastern Uganda has increased substantially over the past decades. Most of this coffee is produced by smallholder farmers with an average farm size of less than 1 ha. Climate change, soil degradation, and various socio-economic factors are impacting farmers’ resilience, especially young farmers. Using qualitative research methods and agroecology as a framework, this study explored young men and women coffee farmers’ perceptions of on- and off-farm diversification as strategies to improve household resilience, and the challenges and opportunities that follow with diversification. Income security emerged as primary driver for diversification, with food security following shortly after. Environmental factors also play an important role in farmers’ decision making toward diversification with tree planting being an important strategy to mitigate the effects of climate change. Financial constraints, knowledge gaps, labour considerations, access to market, and gender differences in current and future needs, underscore the necessity for inclusive perspectives. Furthermore, varying perceptions of challenges across different altitudes along the slope gradient of Mt. Elgon call for locally tailored interventions. Finally, fostering social capital, enhancing knowledge access, and promoting peer influence emerged as pivotal elements for successful agroecological development in the region. Despite challenges, the study stresses farmers' motivation and willingness to engage in sustainable practices, calling for participatory initiatives to overcome barriers and secure the future of young farmers on Mt. Elgon.