Marginal bone loss around dentalimplants: comparison between smokers and non-smokers. : A retrospective clinical study

Sammanfattning

Purpose The aim of the present retrospective study was to compare the marginal bone loss (MBL)around dental implants in a group of smokers in relation to a matched group of non-smokers. Materials and methods The present dental record-based retrospective study included patients selected fromindividuals treated with dental implants during the period 1980-2018 at one specialist clinicin Malmö. Reproducible periapical radiographs were used to measure MBL after calibrationbased on the inter-thread distance of the implants. MBL was calculated by comparing bone-to-implant contact levels to the radiographic baseline examination. Results After matching of the patients, the study group included 677 implants installed in 204patients, 340 implants in 104 smokers, and 337 implants in 100 non-smokers. The resultssuggested that smoking degree (greater MBL for higher degrees of smoking), bruxism(greater MBL for bruxers), jaw (greater MBL in maxilla), prosthesis fixation (greater MBLfor screw-retained prosthesis), and implant diameter (greater MBL for 3.75mm – 4.10mm)had a statistically significant influence on MBL over time. There appears to be a positivecorrelation between the degree of smoking and the degree of MBL, meaning, the higher thedegree of smoking, the greater the MBL. However, this correlation is more clearly observeduntil a certain limit. The difference is not apparent for different degrees of smoking when thisis high, namely above 10 cigarettes per day. Conclusion Smoking negatively affects the MBL around implants. Other factors that are suggested tonegatively affect MBL are bruxism, implant location (in the maxilla), and screw-retainedimplant-supported prostheses.