The Impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Brain Functional Connectivity : A SystematicReview of fMRI Studies

Sammanfattning

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a structured eight-week program developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn that integrates mindfulness meditation, body scanning, and yoga to reduce stress and enhance psychological well-being. This systematic review explores the effects of MBSR on brain functional connectivity using findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Seven peer-reviewed studies published between 2011 and 2023 were analysed. The studies included both resting-state and task-based fMRI designs. The results showed consistent alterations in functional connectivity, particularly within the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), and executive control network (ECN). Increased integration across these networks suggests enhanced emotional regulation, attentional control, and interoceptive awareness following MBSR training. Some studies also reported decreased activity in the amygdala, supporting reductions in emotional reactivity. Strengthened connectivity between regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) further reflects improved self-regulation and internal awareness. Although methodological differences and limited sample sizes were noted across studies, the collective findings provide growing evidence that MBSR positively influences brain network dynamics in healthy individuals. Further research employing standardized protocols, diverse populations, and long-term follow-up is needed to establish the durability and generalizability of these effects.