User Perceptions of AI-Driven Coaching in Fitness Applications : Motivation, Trust, and Perceived Autonomy in AI-Based Exercise Coaching

Sammanfattning

AI-driven coaching systems are becoming increasingly common in fitness applications and digital health technologies. However, relatively little research has explored how users perceive interaction with AI-based coaching systems in terms of motivation, trust, and perceived autonomy. This study investigates how users experience AI-driven coaching features in fitness applications from an HCI and UX perspective. A qualitative research approach was used in which eight participants were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The interviews resulted in approximately 305 minutes of recorded material, which was analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings suggest that perceived autonomy and self-determination increased users’ motivation to exercise, while rigid and controlling AI-generated programs reduced motivation and long-term engagement. Participants with greater AI literacy and understanding of AI systems appeared to express higher levels of trust toward AI-generated recommendations, although skepticism and verification remained important factors. Participants also emphasized the importance of human emotional interaction, personalized support, and motivational dialogue during exercise. The findings further indicate potential for future hybrid human-AI coaching systems combining AI-based support with human emotional understanding and personal coaching. The study highlights the importance of autonomy-supportive design, transparency, and user-centered interaction in the development of future AI coaching systems and fitness technologies.