Vem betalar för inflationen? : En paneldatastudie av inflationens fördelningseffekter på höginkomst- och låginkomsttagare i avancerade OECD-ekonomier

Sammanfattning

This study examines how total, core, and energy inflation affect income distribution in advanced OECD economies. Using panel data from 29 OECD member states over the period 1995 to 2022, fixed effects models are estimated with the top 10 percent and bottom 20 percent pre-tax income shares as dependent variables. Results show that core inflation significantly reduces the bottom 20 percent income share, consistent with the wage lag mechanism whereby nominal wages fail to keep pace with rising prices. For the top 10 percent, inflation loses its statistical significance once asset prices are controlled for, suggesting that it is rising financial and housing values rather than consumer price inflation that drives the income share of the highest earners. Energy inflation shows no significant distributional effect for either group in the fully specified model. The findings indicate that the distributional consequences of inflation differ substantially by inflation type and income group, with low income earners bearing a disproportionate share of the burden from domestic price pressures.