Att göra det osynliga synligt : En studie om elevers förståelse för partikelmodellen och materiens bevarande i vattnets fasövergångar med hjälp av en virtuell simulering

Sammanfattning

The purpose of this study was to contribute knowledge about whether the use of a virtual simulation can support students' understanding of the particle model, the phase transitions of water and the conservation of matter. The study is based on Björn Andersson’s particle model of matter and examines how students in grades 4 and 6 interpret and explain phenomena that are otherwise invisible. The method used was a combination of systematic classroom observations and semi-structured group interviews. The simulation itself, State of Water 2 from Javalab, served as the central teaching tool, allowing students to manipulate temperature and observe how particles behave during freezing, melting, vaporization and condensation. The results show that most students were able to identify that matter consists of small particles and that their motion increases with temperature. However, several students showed uncertainty or misconceptions regarding what the particles themselves represent, the attractive forces that hold them together or the empty space between them. There were also students that had difficulties explaining the conservation of matter during phase transitions, often believing that the water “disappeared“ when evaporated. The simulation contributed positively to students' engagement and conceptual understanding by making the invisible visible. Nevertheless, the findings also show the importance of guidance and reflective discussions from the teacher. The study concludes that virtual simulations can effectively complement traditional instruction when integrated into a structured and dialogic learning environment.