Effekten av tirzepatid jämfört medliraglutid på viktminskning hos vuxnamed fetma : En litteraturstudie

Sammanfattning

ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity is a common health problem that is classified as a chronicdisease and affects both children and adults. The condition is usually assessed usingbody mass index (BMI) or waist circumference, where high values indicate obesity.Obesity is associated with several related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes,hypertension, and asthma, as well as an increased risk of certain cancers andmusculoskeletal disorders affecting the back and joints.Treatment of obesity primarily involves lifestyle modifications, including healthydietary habits and increased physical activity. In more severe cases, surgicalintervention may be an option. Pharmacological treatment can also be used, for examplewith drugs such as tirzepatide and liraglutide which are incretin-based drugs that helpreduce appetite and increase satiety.The main goals of obesity treatment are to regulate appetite, reduce overeating, andlower BMI, which can lead to improvement or prevention of obesity-related diseasesand enhance the patient’s quality of life. Objectives: The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the efficacy of tirzepatidecompared with liraglutide, using placebo as a reference point, in promoting weight loss.The study also aims to analyze how these drugs act in the body, their respectivemechanisms of action, and how they influence weight loss. Method: The method consists of a literature search of randomized controlled trials(RCT studies) in the PubMed database, using the search terms ”tirzepatide”,”liraglutide”, ”obesity” and ”overweight”. Results: Study 1 showed that treatment with tirzepatide resulted in an average weightloss of 21.3% compared with 5.3% in the placebo group. In Study 2, the use oftirzepatide over 72 weeks, in combination with lifestyle modifications, resulted in aweight loss of 9 to 11 kg compared with approximately 3 kg in participants whoreceived placebo. In Study 3 treatment with tirzepatide for 36 weeks led to a statisticallysignificant weight loss and continued use of tirzepatide for an additional 52 weeks led toweight maintenance and was necessary to maintain the weight loss. In Studies 4 and 5,liraglutide showed a moderate and clear effect on BMI, weight loss, and onimprovements in obesity-related conditions.Based on an indirect comparison between the two drugs, the results suggest thattirzepatide has a stronger effect on weight loss than liraglutide, and can therefore beconsidered a more effective treatment option. Conclusion: Tirzepatide has shown high efficacy in the treatment of obesity, with agreater degree of weight loss compared with liraglutide. This can be explained by thefact that tirzepatide affects both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, while liraglutide only affectsGLP-1, resulting in a synergistic effect and a more pronounced weight loss.