Erfarenheter av egenvård hos vuxna personer med typ 2 diabetes. : En litteraturstudie

Sammanfattning

ABSTRACT Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a globally increasing chronic condition associated with serious complications. Self-care and lifestyle changes are essential to prevent ill health and improve quality of life. Within person-centred care, patient involvement is emphasized, and nurses have a key role in supporting individuals’ self-care abilities. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences adults with type 2 diabetes have of self-care as part of the treatment for the disease. Method: This study was conducted as a literature review based on ten qualitative original articles. The articles were quality-assessed using the SBU appraisal tool for qualitative studies. Data were analyzed and synthesized, and categories and subcategories were developed according to the analysis model by (Popenoe m.fl., 2021). Results: Three main categories were identified: 1. Practical dimensions of self-care, 2. Emotional and knowledge-related aspects of self-care, and 3. Interpersonal relationships and their significance for self-care. Practical dimensions of self-care included experiences of resources, barriers, and motivation related to dietary changes, physical activity, and daily routines. Emotional and knowledge-related aspects described how emotional reactions and knowledge of type 2 diabetes influenced acceptance, motivation, and the ability to perform self-care. Interpersonal relationships highlighted the importance of support from healthcare professionals, family, and the social environment for motivation and a sense of security. Conclusion: Self-care in type 2 diabetes is perceived as important but complex and influenced by emotional, practical, knowledge-related, and social factors. Lifestyle changes were experienced as challenging, while good health literacy and supportive relationships facilitated effective self-care. Keywords: Self-care, Nursing, Patient perspective, Type 2 diabetes, Caring science.