Exploring accessible design through audio design principles for games : Audio design in an audio-first game

Sammanfattning

This kappa paper examines how players navigate and make sense of virtual environments when relying solely on audio, within the development of Hollowtone, an audio-first video game. The research is relevant to both game design and accessibility, particularly in exploring how diegetic audio systems can support inclusive experiences for sighted and visually impaired players alike. Using a Research through Design approach, the study involved iterative development and playtesting of ten audio-focused levels, with data collected from gameplay observations and interviews and analysed through thematic analysis. Findings across three interconnected studies show that players can successfully perform spatial wayfinding using consistent spatial audio, structured movement systems, and gradual sound introduction. However, unclear or inconsistent audio, excessive cognitive load, and limitations in perceiving verticality significantly hinder navigation and progression. The results also reveal a design tension between clarity and player engagement, where overly explicit guidance reduces satisfaction. Overall, the study concludes that audio-first navigation is viable when sound, space, and movement are designed as a coherent system, contributing practical insights for the development of Hollowtone.