FAKTORER SOM PÅVERKAR SÖMNEN FÖR PATIENTER I INTENSIVVÅRD : En integrativ litteraturöversikt ur patientens perspektiv

Sammanfattning

Background: Sleep is a fundamental component of recovery for patients admitted to intensive care units. However, research shows that critically ill patients often experience disturbed and fragmented sleep, which can negatively affect both physiological and psychological functions. The intensive care environment is complex, characterized by advanced medical technology, continuous monitoring, and frequent nursing interventions, all of which may contribute to sleep disturbances. At the same time, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting sleep from the patient’s perspective. Aim: To describe, from the patient’s perspective, patient-related, environmental, and care-related factors influencing sleep among intensive care patients. Method: This study was conducted as an integrative literature review based on 22 scientific articles with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The data were analyzed using an integrated analysis method according to Friberg (2022). Results: The findings are presented in three main themes: “Environmental factors”, “Care-related factors”, and “Patient-related factors”. Environmental factors such as noise and light were identified as major contributors to sleep disturbances. Care-related factors, including nursing interventions and ventilator treatment, led to frequent sleep interruptions. Patient-related factors such as pain, stress, and anxiety were also identified as significant, affecting both sleep initiation and continuity. Conclusion: Sleep among intensive care patients is influenced by a complex interaction of multiple factors. Promoting sleep and recovery requires a holistic approach where environmental conditions, nursing care, and individual patient needs are considered. Intensive care nurses play a crucial role in identifying and minimizing sleep-disrupting factors and in creating conditions that support improved sleep quality.