Fasadrenovering av ett miljonprogramshus i Helsingborg. Hur kan energieffektiviserande fasadrenoveringar optimeras ur ett livscykel- och klimatperspektiv?

Sammanfattning

Although the Swedish building sector is today one of the cleanest in Europe, there remain many areas for improvement. The building sector currently accounts for 22.1% of Sweden’s total CO2 equivalent emissions, of which 28% stems from renovation and another 28% from heating. Combined with the deteriorating condition of Sweden’s Miljonprogram housing stock and its already substantial need for renovation, there is significant potential for emissions savings. This study aims to optimize and reduce emissions from a façade renovation using an LCA perspective. The study uses an apartment complex in Helsingborg, representative of the majority of Miljonprogram buildings, as a case study. Initial results show that the right choice of materials and an optimal insulation thickness can yield substantial savings over the 50-year study period, primarily by reducing emissions associated with district heating. But due to Sweden’s large reliance on waste incineration in the ditrict heating mix and the lack of other waste disposal methods, the largest proportional contribution to CO2 emmisons in the Swedish energy mix remains constant until new disposal methods are in place. This results in that the saved heating energy doesn’t to lead to any meaningfull savings seen from a system perspective. Instead the study recommends to focus on savings in the A1-A5 stages and possibly looking at the impact of negative biogenic emissions. This result points to the importance of using a consequential LCA instead of an attributional to capture the real effect of energy renovations to not overestimate the potential savings. Although this eliminates the potential savings and the study still showed that large savings can be had compared to conventional renovation by chosing the right materials. The study also investigated European Union regulations addressing emissions from the building sector and their application on the Swedish market. The examined regulations EED, EPBD, and ETS were found to have limited impact on Swedish emissions, owing to the country’s already efficient heating solutions. The only regulation with meaningful potential to affect emission levels was ETS, whose economic incentives encourage local district heating plants to reduce their emissions.