Implementering av AI i långtids-EKG i svensk hälso- och sjukvård

Sammanfattning

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has accelerated rapidly in recent years and is increasingly highlighted as a potential solution to growing healthcare demands, resource limitations and increasing amounts of medical data. At the same time, the implementation of AI in clinical practice has proven to be complex, with many initiatives struggling to move beyond pilot projects into long-term clinical implementation. This study investigates barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation of AI within long-term electrocardiogram monitoring (ambulatory ECG) in Swedish healthcare, and how these relate to AI implementation in healthcare more broadly. This study was conducted as a qualitative interview study based on 12 semi-structured interviews with actors from healthcare, industry, the public sector and innovation environments. The empirical data was analysed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) along with previous research on AI implementation and innovation management in healthcare. The results show that implementation of AI in healthcare is influenced by organisational, technical, economic and regulatory factors. Key barriers identified include integration difficulties, unclear financial incentives, regulatory complexity, fragmented IT environments and challenges in creating long- term implementation structures. At the same time, clear clinical value, local anchoring, and opportunities for smaller-scale testing were identified as important facilitators, alongside clear clinical ownership for long-term integration and the crucial role of 'door openers' bridging the gap between healthcare and industry. Within ambulatory ECG specifically, AI was primarily perceived as a support for handling large volumes of data, enabling more continuous patient monitoring outside the hospital environment. Overall, the findings demonstrate that implementation of AI within ambulatory ECG is not solely a technical challenge, but a broader organisational change process requiring coordination between technology, clinical practice and governance.