Integrated Transport-Grid Planning for Sustainable Freight Corridors : A Swedish Perspective

Sammanfattning

The transport sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and electrification can reduce emissions from road freight transport. However, long-haul freight transport is difficult to electrify due to high energy demand, long travel distances and uncertain access to public on-route charging infrastructure. This thesis investigates simulated on-route charging demand, charging patterns and infrastructure requirements for electrified heavy-duty freight transport along the E20 corridor between Stockholm and Gothenburg. An hourly freight departure schedule was approximated using data from Trafikverket, Trafikanalys and heavy-vehicle route assignment. The schedule was used in a simulation and optimisation framework comparing dumb charging with smart charging under an AFIR-inspired charging station location scenario. Smart charging was formulated as a cost-minimising mixed integer linear programming model combined with a marginal allocation algorithm for charging station sizing. The model includes electricity costs, queuing costs and annualised charger costs, but excludes grid reinforcement costs. During the analysed week in December, smart charging reduced total simulated system cost from approximately 830 KSEK to 622 KSEK and reduced the required number of chargers from 73 to 58. The AFIR-inspired scenario reduced system cost under smart charging compared with current charging locations, from 710 KSEK to 622 KSEK. The findings should be interpreted as indicative rather than predictive.