Uppsats

Medeltida exteriört bemålad sten : Kartläggning av genomförda materialanalyser

Kandidat-uppsats

Uppsala universitet/Institutionen för arkeologi, antik historia och kulturvård

Publicerad: 2026

Språk: Svenska

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⌕knowledge transfer ⌕Sweden ⌕Gold ⌕cultural heritage ⌕Kulturarv ⌕condition assessment ⌕Art history ⌕lime ⌕Scandinavia ⌕documentation ⌕Sverige ⌕Scania ⌕France ⌕kulturhistoria ⌕restoration ⌕kapital ⌕Norden ⌕kristen ikonografi ⌕Tin ⌕Venedig ⌕Italy ⌕Raman spectroscopy ⌕Skåne ⌕Gotland ⌕FTIR ⌕restaurering ⌕medeltida kyrkor ⌕guld ⌕dokumentation ⌕bindemedel ⌕bevarande ⌕materialteknik ⌕Medeltid ⌕kunskapsöverföring ⌕materialanalys ⌕tvärsnitt ⌕Switzerland ⌕conservation ⌕SEM-EDS ⌕konservering ⌕Italien ⌕material analysis ⌕Visby ⌕Frankrike ⌕GC-MS ⌕rengöring ⌕heritage conservation ⌕kalk ⌕England ⌕Raman-spektroskopi ⌕preservation ⌕Schweiz ⌕limestone ⌕Middle Ages ⌕medieval art ⌕medieval churches ⌕Gotlandic churches ⌕Alva Church ⌕Barlingbo Church ⌕Bro Church ⌕Burs Church ⌕Endre Church ⌕Eskelhem Church ⌕Etelhem Church ⌕Garde Church ⌕Gerum Church ⌕Hejde Church ⌕Hejnum Church ⌕Hogrän Church ⌕Kräklingbo Church ⌕Källunge Church ⌕Lye Church ⌕Martebo Church ⌕Sanda Church ⌕Stånga Church ⌕Väte Church ⌕Väskinde Church ⌕Västerplana Church ⌕Lyngsjö Church ⌕Västergötland ⌕Baltic Sea region ⌕Amiens ⌕Bourges ⌕Cahors ⌕Étampes ⌕Senlis ⌕Orvieto ⌕Venice ⌕Vercelli ⌕Lausanne ⌕Salisbury ⌕baptismal fonts ⌕medieval baptismal fonts ⌕painted baptismal fonts ⌕sandstone baptismal fonts ⌕limestone baptismal fonts ⌕limestone choir stall ⌕interior painted stone ⌕Swedish heritage conservation ⌕Nordic heritage conservation ⌕building conservation ⌕heritage management ⌕architectural conservation ⌕historic building conservation ⌕conservation practice ⌕restoration history ⌕church restoration ⌕ecclesiastical conservation ⌕building archaeology ⌕historic architecture ⌕ecclesiastical architecture ⌕ecclesiastical art ⌕medieval ecclesiastical art ⌕religious art ⌕sacred art ⌕Christian iconography ⌕medieval visual culture ⌕architectural history ⌕cultural history ⌕Gotlandic art history ⌕medieval church building in Gotland ⌕stone carving ⌕medieval sculpture ⌕architectural sculpture ⌕portals ⌕capitals ⌕reliefs ⌕tracery ⌕light openings ⌕stone architecture ⌕architectural natural stone ⌕painted stone ⌕stone painting ⌕stone polychromy ⌕polychromy ⌕exterior stone polychromy ⌕exterior painted stone ⌕medieval polychromy ⌕architectural polychromy ⌕ecclesiastical polychromy ⌕paint traces ⌕surviving paint remains ⌕paint layers ⌕layer structure ⌕stratigraphy ⌕stratigraphic analysis ⌕cross-section studies ⌕cross-sections ⌕preparatory layers ⌕ground layers ⌕surface preparation ⌕pigments ⌕pigment analysis ⌕pigment identification ⌕paint analysis ⌕technical art history ⌕materials technology ⌕material-analytical investigation ⌕binding media ⌕organic binding media ⌕proteinaceous binding media ⌕oil binding media ⌕gypsum ⌕calcite ⌕iron oxide pigments ⌕ochre ⌕red ochre ⌕minium ⌕lead white ⌕plattnerite ⌕lead pigments ⌕gilding ⌕gold leaf ⌕metallic decoration ⌕silver ⌕metal leaf ⌕visual appearance ⌕colour scheme ⌕colour effects ⌕light effects ⌕decorative painting ⌕ornament ⌕weathering ⌕chemical alteration ⌕deterioration ⌕cleaning ⌕overpainting ⌕stone conservation ⌕paintings conservation ⌕church conservation ⌕conservation reports ⌕laboratory analysis ⌕sampling ⌕micro-sampling ⌕material cultural heritage ⌕craft history ⌕medieval craftsmanship ⌕craft mobility ⌕building lodges ⌕stonemasons ⌕painters ⌕technical traditions ⌕contact zones ⌕trade networks ⌕comparative studies ⌕medeltida konst ⌕gotländska kyrkor ⌕Alva kyrka ⌕Barlingbo kyrka ⌕Bro kyrka ⌕Burs kyrka ⌕Endre kyrka ⌕Eskelhem kyrka ⌕Etelhem kyrka ⌕Garde kyrka ⌕Gerum kyrka ⌕Hejde kyrka ⌕Hejnum kyrka ⌕Hogrän kyrka ⌕Kräklingbo kyrka ⌕Källunge kyrka ⌕Lye kyrka ⌕Martebo kyrka ⌕Sanda kyrka ⌕Stånga kyrka ⌕Väte kyrka ⌕Väskinde kyrka ⌕Västerplana kyrka ⌕Lyngsjö kyrka ⌕Östersjöområdet ⌕dopfuntar ⌕medeltida dopfuntar ⌕bemålade dopfuntar ⌕sandstensdopfuntar ⌕kalkstensdopfuntar ⌕kalkstenskorstol ⌕interiört bemålad sten ⌕svensk kulturvård ⌕nordisk kulturvård ⌕byggnadsantikvarie ⌕antikvarisk medverkan ⌕byggnadsvård ⌕byggnadskonst ⌕byggnadshistoria ⌕restaureringshistoria ⌕kyrkorestaurering ⌕kyrkoantikvarisk vård ⌕kulturmiljövård ⌕byggnadsarkeologi ⌕historisk arkitektur ⌕kyrkoarkitektur ⌕kyrkokonst ⌕medeltida kyrkokonst ⌕religiös konst ⌕sakral konst ⌕medeltida bildvärld ⌕konsthistoria ⌕gotländsk konsthistoria ⌕gotländskt kyrkobyggande ⌕stenhuggeri ⌕medeltida skulptur ⌕arkitekturskulptur ⌕portaler ⌕reliefer ⌕masverk ⌕ljusgluggar ⌕stenarkitektur ⌕arkitekturbunden natursten ⌕kalksten ⌕bemålad sten ⌕stenbemålning ⌕stenpolykromi ⌕polykromi ⌕exteriör stenpolykromi ⌕exteriört bemålad sten ⌕medeltida polykromi ⌕arkitekturpolykromi ⌕kyrklig polykromi ⌕färgspår ⌕färganalys ⌕bevarade färgrester ⌕färgskikt ⌕skiktuppbyggnad ⌕stratigrafi ⌕stratigrafiska analyser ⌕stratigrafisk undersökning ⌕tvärsnittsstudier ⌕tvärsnittsanalys ⌕prepareringsskikt ⌕grundskikt ⌕förbehandling ⌕pigment ⌕pigmentanalys ⌕pigmentidentifiering ⌕materialanalytiska undersökningar ⌕organiska bindemedel ⌕proteinbindemedel ⌕oljehaltiga bindemedel ⌕gips ⌕kalcit ⌕järnoxidpigment ⌕ockra ⌕rödockra ⌕blyvitt ⌕plattnerit ⌕blypigment ⌕förgyllning ⌕bladguld ⌕metallisk dekor ⌕tenn ⌕metallfolie ⌕visuell gestaltning ⌕färgsättning ⌕färgverkan ⌕ljusverkan ⌕dekorationsmåleri ⌕ornamentik ⌕vittring ⌕kemisk omvandling ⌕nedbrytning ⌕övermålning ⌕övermålningskampanjer ⌕byggnadskonservering ⌕stenkonservering ⌕målerikonservering ⌕konserveringsrapporter ⌕laboratorieanalyser ⌕provtagning ⌕mikroprovtagning ⌕skadebild ⌕materiellt kulturarv ⌕hantverkshistoria ⌕medeltida hantverk ⌕hantverksrörlighet ⌕byggnadshyttor ⌕stenhuggare ⌕målare ⌕tekniska traditioner ⌕kontaktzoner ⌕handelsnätverk ⌕internationella jämförelser

Sammanfattning

Traces of paint on the exterior stone architecture of Gotland’s medieval churches constitute a fragmentary yet significant source material for the study of medieval polychromy. Although such remains have long been noted in art-historical research and conservation practice, material-analytical knowledge of exterior stone polychromy in a Swedish context remains limited. This thesis examines medieval exterior painting on architectural natural stone in Gotlandic churches by compiling and contextualising previously conducted paint analyses, including material that remains partially unpublished. The investigation is based on archival research, conservation reports, laboratory analyses and comparative studies of interior painted stone in Sweden, as well as international research on medieval exterior stone polychromy. The compiled material shows that the Gotlandic studies largely consist of scrape samples and paint flakes from later repainting phases. These investigations have primarily focused on pigment identification rather than stratigraphy, binding media or preparatory layers, which limits the possibility of interpreting the original technical structure and chronology of the paint layers. Despite these limitations, the results indicate several material and technical parallels with both interior stone polychromy and international studies of exterior painted stone. The occurrence of lead white, calcite-related layers, gilding and possible organic components suggests that Gotlandic exterior stone polychromy should be discussed in relation to broader European polychrome traditions. By relating paint analyses to theories of craft mobility and Gotland’s role as a contact zone in the Baltic region, the thesis also discusses how materials and technical knowledge may have been transmitted through international trade and craft networks. The material is, however, too fragmentary and heterogeneous to allow for firm general conclusions regarding original stratigraphy, binding media or dating. Exterior paint layers have been exposed to weathering, cleaning, repainting and chemical transformation over long periods of time, further complicating interpretation. At the same time, the compilation demonstrates that previously conducted studies constitute an important knowledge base. The thesis therefore highlights the need for future stratigraphic investigations, targeted binding medium analyses and dating studies of exterior paint layers on Gotlandic stone architecture.