Räddningstjänstens insatsmöjligheter vid händelser i större batterilager

Sammanfattning

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are becoming increasingly important for storing energy, particularly renewable energy, and stabilizing electricity grids. These systems often use lithium-ion batteries, which are efficient but pose risks during accidents. Rapid implementation of BESS has led to uncertainties in regulations and emergency response protocols. This thesis aims to identify and evaluate tactical approaches and methods for addressing fires or other incidents in large BESS parks, focusing on efficiency, safety, and sustainability. The research involved a literature review and case study with interviews with Swedish emergency services. Findings indicate limited information and practical experience nationally and internationally regarding BESS operations. Effective response strategies include handling venting battery thermal runway without combustion similarly to hazardous gas leaks and treating battery fires like building fires with specific considerations. BESS parks could incorporate risk-reducing measures such as pressure relief panels and fire gas ventilation, and collaboration between facility owners and emergency services is crucial for effective incident management.