Spelets regler - En flerfallsstudie av spioners neutraliseringstekniker

Sammanfattning

This paper applies Sykes and Matza’s theory of neutralization (1957) to three cases of convicted, self-interested spies: Peyman Kia, Stig Wennerström, and Robert Hanssen. Using congruence analysis, the study assesses the explanatory strength of the theory, with qualitative text analysis as the primary method to identify neutralizations in Kia’s interrogation transcripts, Wennerström’s autobiography and Hanssen’s investigation material. Each individual was found to employ at least two techniques, forming complex internal justifications that also evolved over time. Denial of injury was prominent for Kia and Wennerström, while the latter also implemented The appeal to higher loyalties in later stages of his espionage. Hanssen on the other hand primarily relied on denial of the victim. All three exhibited grandiose personality traits, and the analysis suggests that neutralizations functioned as key mechanisms for maintaining a self-image of superiority. The findings indicate that neutralization theory offers valuable insights into the psychological processes that enable insiders to initiate and sustain espionage against their own nation.