Att som sjuksköterska förebygga Infektionsrelaterade vårdskador : En litteraturöversikt

Sammanfattning

Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are among the most common adverse events in healthcare and result in significant patient suffering as well as increased healthcare costs. Despite evidence-based guidelines, adherence to infection prevention measures remains inconsistent. Nurses play a central role in prevention efforts, but their work is influenced by multiple individual and organizational factors. Aim The aim was to systematically summarize nursing interventions described in the literature to prevent healthcare-associated infections and to identify factors influencing the implementation of these interventions. Method This study was conducted as a structured literature review with a systematic approach. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods were included through database searches in CINAHL and PubMed. The articles were quality appraised and analyzed using a deductive approach based on the study’s research questions. Results A total of 15 studies were included. The results showed that key nursing interventions comprised hand hygiene, basic hygiene routines, use of personal protective equipment, aseptic technique, cleaning and disinfection and education, with hand hygiene and basic hygiene routines being the most consistently emphasized. Adherence varied and was influenced by factors at multiple levels. Individual factors (such as knowledge and attitudes), interpersonal factors (such as teamwork), organizational factors (such as workload and resources), and environmental conditions were identified as crucial for implementation. Conclusions The nurse’s role in infection prevention is central but dependent on a complex interplay of factors. Preventing HAIs requires not only knowledge and competence but also organizational support, adequate resources, and a healthcare environment that enables evidence-based practice. Infection prevention should therefore be viewed as a systematic and shared responsibility within healthcare.