Community-based care in socioeconomically vulnerable areas affected by flooding in São Paulo, Brazil : Independent degree project. A qualitative observational minor field study

Sammanfattning

Background Access to safe water and adequate sanitation is essential for health, yet it remains limited in many socioeconomically vulnerable areas in Brazil, particularly in the context of climate change and increased flooding. Such conditions may increase the risk of both waterborne and vector-borne diseases and place additional demands on healthcare systems. Community-based care therefore plays a crucial role in promoting health and preventing disease. Aim The aim of the minor field study was to describe how healthcare staff work with community-based care in socioeconomically vulnerable areas affected by flooding in São Paulo, Brazil. Method A qualitative design with an ethnological approach was used. Data were collected through participant observations in community healthcare settings, including home visits and community-based activities, and analysed inductively through thematic analysis of field notes. Results The findings showed that community health workers were central to the functioning of primary healthcare, acting as a link between healthcare services and the people in the community. Through home visits and continuous engagement, they enabled early identification of health risks and supported nurses in delivering adapted care. Health education regarding hygiene, safe water use and disease prevention was identified as a key strategy. In addition, environmental and structural factors, such as inadequate sanitation and flooding, influenced both health risks and the possibilities for preventive actions. Conclusion In conclusion, community-based nursing care, supported by community health workers, plays a vital role in disease prevention and health promotion in vulnerable settings. Strengthening community-based nursing strategies, particularly in settings with limited infrastructure and access to safe water, is essential for effective disease prevention in flood-affected areas.