Port Microgrid : Onshore Power Supply Modelling and Simulation

Sammanfattning

As global maritime regulations tighten to curb greenhouse gas emissions, Onshore Power Supply (OPS) systems have emerged as a key solution for reducing port-related emissions. This thesis investigates the design and integration of an OPS-based port microgrid for the Port of Kapellskär in Sweden, with the objective of creating a sustainable, resilient, and cost-effective energy infrastructure. The study explores how microgrids featuring renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics and battery energy storage systems (BESS) can support vessel electrification, minimize dependence on fossil fuels, and ensure uninterrupted power supply to docked ships. A detailed assessment of microgrid architectures (AC, DC, and hybrid) and control strategies (centralized, decentralized, and distributed) is conducted to evaluate their applicability in port environments. Technical analysis of vessel categories including container ships, Ro-Ro vessels, oil tankers, and cruise ships highlights distinct variations in power demand, system voltage, and frequency compatibility, which are essential for OPS planning and grid synchronization. The current infrastructure of the Port of Kapellskär is examined, including its shore connection capabilities, energy consumption patterns, and peak load challenges. Real operational data from 2024 provides insights into load profiles, peak demand periods, and the potential for load management using BESS. Furthermore, the study addresses challenges such as limited grid capacity, high OPS installation costs, and the need for frequency conversion, offering solutions that align with Sweden’s 2030 sustainability targets and EU shore power mandates. This work presents a comprehensive model for implementing microgrid-enabled OPS in ports, demonstrating its value in lowering emissions, enhancing energy reliability, and advancing the green transition in maritime logistics.