V2G i Halland: Potential och förutsättningar för dubbelriktad laddning : En simuleringsstudie

Sammanfattning

The electrification of the transport sector increases the load on the power grid and creates a need for flexible solutions capable of reducing peak demands. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) to reduce power demand in Halland, Sweden. The study is based on a stochastic simulation model developed in Python, where charging behaviour, connection patterns, State of Charge (SOC) levels, and different levels of V2G-compatibility are analysed for electric vehicles. The model is based on residential and workplace charging as well as predefined V2G time windows during morning and evening hours. The results show that the V2G-potential increases with the number of electric vehicles and the share of V2G-compatibility. At a rate of 100% V2G compatibility, the maximum available power reached 103 MW in 2025 and increases to 365 MW in 2040 in Halland, Sweden. The highest V2G-potential generally occurred during the morning period, particularly between 06:00 and 07:00, when many electric vehicles were still connected after overnight charging. The results also show that lower SOC thresholds enable higher energy delivery to the grid but result in lower available battery capacity for the user. The study indicates that V2G can contribute to increased flexibility in Halland’s power system, but practical implementation requires bidirectional charging infrastructure, control strategies and participation from electric vehicle owners.