ATT FRÄMJA ÄTANDE HOS ÄLDRE : En litteraturöversikt om äldre personer som vårdas på sjukhus

Sammanfattning

Background: Malnutrition is common among older adults who are hospitalized and is influenced by several interacting factors such as impaired oral health, underlying illness, and organizational barriers. Incomplete nutritional status can lead to serious complications such as delayed wound healing; increased risk of falls and prolonged hospital stays. Mealtimes play a crucial role in nutritional intake and quality of life but are affected by biological, psychological and environmental factors. Aim: To describe what promotes eating among older adults who are hospitalized. Method: A general literature review based on thirteen articles: seven quantitative, three qualitative, and three mixed-method studies. Results: Sensory stimuli, the importance of independence and social relationships are key factors in promoting eating among older patients in hospital settings. Individually adapted meals and support from staff or relatives contribute to increased appetite and improved food intake, particularly in a pleasant dining environment. Conclusion: A supportive mealtime situation involves more than meeting nutritional needs, it must be designed with sensory elements, opportunities for independence and social interaction. These factors, as interpreted through Eriksson’s theoretical framework, may promote health and alleviate suffering. The nurse’s role is central, where understanding, presence and individually adapted interventions from the basis safe and meaningful care that promotes eating and reduce the risk of undernutrition.