Att implementera fred : En jämförande studie av FN:s och EU:s utformning av implementeringsprocesser för fredsarbete

Sammanfattning

This study compares the implementation processes of peace efforts conducted by the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU). It presents an analysis of the institutional structures, mandates and cooperation mechanisms, which along with the study’s empirical material explains differences in the processes. To contextualize the UN:s and EU:s implementations efforts, a case study on each organization's interventions in Macedonia between 1992 and 2006 is conducted. The case study provides concrete examples of how the organizations’ implementation processes are structured in practice, thus forming the empirical basis for the comparative analysis. The study’s analysis draws on the theoretical perspectives of implementation of top-down versus bottom-up governance, as well as the triad on “understanding, wanting and being able to”. The study uses a comparative qualitative method to highlight the differences between the UN and EU implementation processes. Process tracing of the case study on the organisations efforts in Macedonia is conducted, which identifies factors in the process that shapes the final outcomes and influence goals fulfillment. The “Most Similar Systems Design” model is applied to highlight the differences that were observed in the analysis. The empirical material is primarily based on official UN and EU documents, supplemented by academic research and scholarly articles. The conclusions suggest that a universally accepted model for the design of implementation processes for peace work cannot be established. However, it emphasizes that the coordination of an organization’s governance, understanding, willingness and capacity for implementation is important for achieving intended outcomes, thereby acting as important pillars for a sustainable implementation of peace.