Små steg mot större tilltro: Hur studie- och yrkesvägledare arbetar med elevers självbild

Sammanfattning

This study examines how study and career counselors work to strengthen students’ self-efficacy in relation to educational and career choices. The study is based on the increasing mental health challenges among children and young people in Sweden, where stress, anxiety, and low self-esteem negatively affect motivation, academic performance, and future aspirations. Previous research highlights that self-efficacy, defined as an individual’s belief in their own abilities, plays an important role in educational and career decision-making. However, there is limited knowledge about how self-efficacy is addressed within guidance practice. The study applies a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews with seven study and career counselors working in compulsory school and within the Introduction Programme (IM). The material was analyzed through thematic analysis using Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy, Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, and careership theory’s concept of horizon for action as theoretical frameworks. The findings show that students’ beliefs in their own abilities strongly influence which educational pathways they perceive as possible. Low self-efficacy often leads to insecurity, avoidance, and restricted choices. The counselors describe how relational support, validation, clear structure, and breaking goals into smaller steps can strengthen students’ confidence and future outlook. The study concludes that study and career guidance can serve as an important form of support by broadening students’ perceived opportunities and strengthening their belief in future possibilities.